Overview
The grassy woodlands and dry sclerophyll forests are the most common plant communities in the Sydney region. These communities consist of eucalyptus trees, casuarinas, melaleucas, corymbias, and angophoras, along with shrubs such as wattles, callistemons, grevilleas, and banksias. The understory is characterized by a semi-continuous grass.
The plants in these communities have rough and spiky leaves due to the low soil fertility. In addition, there are wet sclerophyll forests in the wetter areas of the north and northeast, which have straight, tall tree canopies and a moist understory of soft-leaved shrubs, tree ferns, and herbs.
The most prevalent vegetation community in Sydney is the Cumberland Plain Woodland in Western Sydney, followed by the Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest in the Inner West and Northern Sydney. The Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub is found along the coastline, and the Blue Gum High Forest is sparsely present in the North Shore.
All of these communities are critically endangered. Another significant vegetation community is the Sydney Sandstone Ridgetop Woodland, located in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park on the Hornsby Plateau to the north.
Sydney is home to a variety of bird species, including the Australian raven, Australian magpie, crested pigeon, noisy miner, and pied currawong. There are also introduced bird species that are commonly found in Sydney, such as the common myna, common starling, house sparrow, and spotted dove. Reptile species, particularly skinks, are numerous in the region.
Sydney also has a few mammal and spider species, such as the grey-headed flying fox and the Sydney funnel-web spider, respectively. The harbour and beaches of Sydney are home to a diverse range of marine species.
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